Working Principle: Hydraulic gear pumps operate on a positive displacement principle.
They consist of two meshing gears – the driving gear (usually connected to the motor) and the driven gear (usually connected to the pump housing). As these gears rotate, they create suction and discharge chambers, causing fluid to be drawn in, trapped, and then pushed out under pressure. This displacement of fluid results in a continuous flow and pressure output.
Flow and Pressure: The performance of a hydraulic gear pump is defined by its flow rate (measured in gallons per minute, GPM) and operating pressure (measured in pounds per square inch, PSI). These specifications determine the pump's capacity to move hydraulic fluid and generate the required pressure for the system. Gear pumps are available in various sizes and configurations to meet specific flow and pressure requirements.
Materials and Construction: Hydraulic gear pumps are typically constructed from materials like cast iron, aluminum, or steel, depending on the application's demands. Cast iron pumps are favored for their durability and ability to handle higher pressures, while aluminum pumps are lightweight and suitable for low-pressure systems. The internal gears are precision-made to ensure smooth and efficient operation.
Mounting Options: Gear pumps are designed for different mounting options, including flange, foot, and bracket mounting. This flexibility allows for easy integration into various hydraulic systems, making them versatile components in hydraulic machinery.
Direction of Rotation: Gear pumps are available in both clockwise and counterclockwise rotation options, allowing compatibility with various motor configurations and system requirements.
Efficiency and Volumetric Efficiency: Hydraulic gear pumps are known for their high volumetric efficiency, typically ranging from 90% to 98%. This means that a significant portion of the fluid trapped by the gears is effectively delivered to the system, resulting in minimal internal leakage. Their efficiency can also lead to lower energy consumption, making them cost-effective choices for hydraulic systems.
Noise Levels: Gear pumps can generate moderate noise levels during operation due to the meshing gears. However, advancements in design and manufacturing have led to quieter models with reduced noise levels, making them more suitable for noise-sensitive applications.
Temperature and Fluid Compatibility: Hydraulic gear pumps are capable of handling a wide range of hydraulic fluids, including mineral oils, synthetic oils, and biodegradable fluids. The choice of hydraulic fluid depends on factors such as temperature, viscosity, and environmental considerations.
